Conditional Logic!

Goals:

Use conditional logic to control program flow
Use Boolean functions to enable sprites to interact with each other and with other elements on the screen

Coding Snippets:

Follow the keyword if with an expression that evaluates to true or false.
The argument to touches and inside can be sprites or the background window. touches also accepts colors.
Use a break statement within an if block inside a for block to immediately exit a loop if the specified condition is met. For example, the code on the left could be used to end a race when the sprite named ant reaches the (red) finish line.

Math and Computer Concepts:

Certain special statements allow us to control the flow of our code. We already use for statements to cause designated blocks of code to repeat. The conditional statements if and else are also tools for control. If the expression in the if statement evaluates to true, the program will branch one way, otherwise it will go in another direction.
Precede calls to functions that return information about the current state of the program, such as touches or inside, with a call to await done defer() to ensure that they are evaluated in the right place.

A branch of math, Boolean algebra, is devoted to working with logic values true and false. That's why true and false are referred to as Boolean values and why functions that return true or false (such as touches and inside) are called Boolean functions.

Activities:

Save each of the following in a folder called ConditionalLogic.

RandomTurtlesInside: Code an improved version of RandomTurtles, using inside(window) to ensure the turtles always stay on screen.
CagedBird: Instruct a bird to move about inside a cage, changing direction if it reaches the sides or top. Construct the cage using a sprite, and use the inside function to carry out the conditional logic.

CoinFlip: Simulate the flipping of a single coin using the random function. Use an if/else statement to show the appropriate image.
LuckyStreak: Use a for loop to simulate flipping a coin multiple times. Stop once you get tails, using break to exit the loop.

RaceWithEnd: draw start and finish lines, line up several turtles, and iterate repeatedly with random movements to carry out a race. When a turtle reaches (i.e.,touches) the finish line, stop the race.